"A bioterrorism attack in Oregon is unlikely, but we need to be ready."
Grant Higginson, M.D.
Oregon Department of Human Services
Centers for Disease Control:
Anthrax
Bolulism
Plague
Smallpox
Tularemia
Federation of American Scientists:
BioWar Agents
Anthrax Guidelines
CBW Special Weapons
Journal of the American Medical Association:
Anthrax
Botulinum Toxin
Plague
Smallpox
Tularemia
Johns Hopkins:
Anthrax
Botulinum Toxin
Plague
Smallpox
Tularemia
Chronological History of Biological Warfare and Terrorism
The Biological Terrorism Response Manual
by Paul P. Rega M.D., FACEP
BioTerry.com Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
What to do if you receive an envelope or package suspected to contain anthrax or other biological agents
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The Dalles, Oregon was the site of the first biological-weapon attack in the United States
when followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh contaminated drinking glasses and salad bars with
salmonella typhimurium in 1984. Nobody died, but 751 people came down with the nausea,
severe diarrhea, chills, fever and dizziness that mark salmonella poisoning.
The group's aim was to incapacitate residents of the town so they would be unable to vote
in an upcoming election. The Rajneeshees expected the election of county commissioners would
have an impact on land-use decisions that would thwart their controversial plans to build new
international headquarters for the Indian guru on a large ranch the group purchased near
Antelope, Oregon.
In April 1979, an anthrax outbreak in the Soviet city of Sverdlovsk, 850 miles east of Moscow,
killed 66 of 94 infected people. The first victim died after four days; the last one died six weeks later.
The Soviet government claimed the deaths were caused by intestinal anthrax from tainted meat. It was not
until 1992 that Russian President Boris Yeltsin admitted the outbreak was the result of military activity
at a Soviet biological weapons facility located in the city.
Centers for Disease Control
CDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness & Response
Center for the Study of Bioterrorism & Emerging Infections
Johns Hopkins University Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bioterrorism References
U.S. Army Medical NBC Online Information Server
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Oregon Health Division Emergency Medical Services
Oregon Health Division Center for Environment and Health Systems
Oregon Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response
Oregon Bioterrorism Fact Sheet
Oregon Emergency Management
Biological Warfare and its Cutaneous Manefestations, by Thomas W. McGovern, MD, MAJ, MC and George W. Christopher, LTC, USAF, MC
CBRNE - Biological Warfare Agents,
by Daniel J. Dire, MD, FACEP, COL, MC, USAR; coauthored by David A Long, MD; Lance D. Williams, MD; and Thomas W. McGovern, MD
Consequence Management: Domestic Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Chris Seiple in
Parameters, Autumn 1997, pp. 119-34, U.S. Army War College
Terrorists, WMD, and the US Army Reserve, by Charles L. Mercier, Jr. in Parameters,
Autumn 1997, pp. 98-118, U.S. Army War College
Terrorism: Haz-Mat with an Attitude, by Lt. Steve Weliver, Waterloo (Iowa) Fire Rescue
Emergency Response to Chemical/Biological Terrorist Incidents, by Clark L. Staten, Executive Director
Emergency Response & Research Institute
The Specter of Biological Weapons,
by Leonard A. Cole in Scientific American
Anthrax as a Biological Weapon - Medical and Public Health Management, by Thomas V. Inglesby, MD;
Donald A. Henderson, MD, MPH; John G. Bartlett, MD; Michael S. Ascher, MD; Edward Eitzen, MD, MPH;
Arthur M. Friedlander, MD; Jerome Hauer, MPH; Joseph McDade, PhD; Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH;
Tara O'Toole, MD, MPH; Gerald Parker, PhD, DVM; Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc; Philip K. Russell, MD; Kevin Tonat, PhD;
for the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense in (JAMA. 1999;281:1735-1745)
Rx Against Terror, by Melissa Hendricks in Johns Hopkins Magazine
The Israel Defense Force
provides extensive online information concerning
Civil Defense,
and
Protected Space/Shelters,
Medical Q & A and
Biological Weapons Q & A among other relevant topics.
DOWNLOADS require the FREE Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader
Download First Aid For Soldiers, FM 21-11
Download Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations, FM 8-9
Download NBC Field Handbook, FM 3-7
Download Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties . . . FM 8-285
10/17/01: For adults, the CDC-recommended doses for anthrax patients are 500 milligrams of Cipro twice a day for 60 days; or 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day for 60
days; or 500 mg of amoxicillin three times a day for 60 days. The CDC recommendations warned that pregnant women were recommended to take only amoxicillin, not the other drugs; doxycycline
was the first choice for the elderly; and children need special doses based on their weight. Penicillin dosages are under consideration.
10/17/01: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) www.fda.gov has approved three antibiotics to treat anthrax: Penicillin, Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin.
Nurses's PDR Resource Center:
Amoxicillin,
Ciprofloxacin,
Doxycycline,
Penicillin
RxList.com:
Amoxicillin,
Ciprofloxacin,
Doxycycline,
Penicillin
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